Elements and Principles of Design

- Leading Lines:

Definition: Leading lines are lines that appear in a photograph that have been framed and positioned by the photographer to draw the viewer's eye towards a specific point of interest. 


-Vertical Lines:
Definition:  Vertical lines have the ability to convey a variety of different moods in a photograph. They can make the viewer feel lofty, spiritual, and also represent power, strength and growth. 

- Horizontal Lines:
Definition: Horizontal lines in photography convey a message of "stability" and even "rest". It usually has something to do with permanency, timelessness or rest. (Horizons, fallen trees, oceans, sleeping people). 


- Diagonal Lines
Definition: They generally work well to draw the eye of an image's view through the photograph. They create points of interest as they intersect with other lines and often give images depth by suggesting perspective. They can also add a sense of action to an image and add a dynamic look and feel.   


- Curved Lines
Definition: Curved lines have the effect of slowing the photograph down and suggesting time passing. It suggests a tranquil, restful mood and having time to get there. 

- Formal Balance
Definition: Formal balance is achieved when both sides of the image hold equal weight. Each photograph should be equally balanced when split down the middle by either using symmetry or different elements to appear symmetrical. 

- Informal Balance
Definition: Informal balance occurs when dissimilar elements balance each other out on each side of the frame (most often a larger element is juxtaposed with a smaller element or elements to make a good composition). 

- Unity
Definition: Unity describes the visual relationship between elements in a photograph. It helps create a cohesive image. Using similar colors or tones, concepts or elements cultivates a sense of unity (gives a sense of oneness to a visual image). 
 

- Variety
Definition: Variety is about varying elements and objects in your image to avoid making then boring. Variety can be varying your angles, exposure, composition, etc., to get a few different looks to the same image. 

- Rhythm
Definition: Rhythm in photography refers to the way in which the eyes look at an image. It goes from one like object to another like object. 
 

- Emphasis
Definition: Emphasis defines as an area or object within the artwork (or photograph) that draws attention and becomes a focal point.

- Proportion
Definition: Proportion in photography is usually comparing size of objects, or the amount of one thing to the whole. We generally think of comparing size when talking about proportion. By comparing the size of one object to another, it can give more or less importance to it. 

- Repetition
Definition: repetition refers to repeating elements within a single frame. When you repeat a certain size, shape or color you add strength and additional meaning to the overall image. 

- Bird's eye view
Definition: Bird's eye view means a shot that is looking directly down on the subject. The subject is very short and squat because the perspective is foreshortened. Bird's-eye view is often used for landscape, aerial and cityscape photography. 

- Worm's eye view
Definition: Worms eye view is a point of view where the image is captured from a very low angle with the camera pointing towards the top. 

- Rule of Thirds
Definition: The rule of thirds is a composition guideline that places your subject in the left or right third of an image, leaving the other two thirds more open. The rule of thirds generally leads to compelling and well-composed shots. 

- Framing
Definition: Framing refers to the technique of drawing focus to the subject in the photo by blocking other parts of the image with something in the scene. Frames can be located in the center of the picture or alongside its edges. 

- Simplicity
Definition: The equivalent of minimalism. It is a composition technique that concentrates on keeping only the absolutely necessary information in frame.

  

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